Introduction
Cummins engines are designed to meet high standards of reliability, durability, safety, and performance while adhering to global clean air standards. Cummins has been a leader in emissions research and development, investing in technologies to meet current and future emissions standards.

Historical Context
In 2004, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) mandated reductions in particulate matter (PM) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions. Cummins was among the first to certify marine diesel engines to Tier 2 standards, utilizing advanced combustion, electronic controls, and fuel systems.

Current Standards
Today, Cummins offers a range of power solutions that meet EPA Tier 2 and International Maritime Organization (IMO) Tier I standards. The EPA and IMO are set to implement stricter regulations over the next decade.

EPA Tier 3 and Tier 4 Regulations
Tier 3 regulations, effective January 2012, require a 50% reduction in PM and a 20% reduction in NOx compared to Tier 2. Tier 4, effective January 2014, demands a 90% reduction in PM and an 80% reduction in NOx, likely necessitating aftertreatment devices. The use of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel is mandated from 2012.

IMO Tier II and Tier III Regulations
IMO Tier II, effective January 2011, requires a 20% reduction in NOx. Tier III, effective January 2016 in Emission Control Areas (ECA), requires an 80% reduction in NOx. The Baltic and North Sea are current ECAs, with more expected to follow.

Cummins' Strategy
Cummins leverages its Tier 2 strategies and broad technology portfolio to meet future emissions standards. The company remains committed to providing value while overcoming technological challenges, ensuring readiness for future EPA and IMO standards.

Conclusion
Cummins continues to focus on customer value and compliance with stringent emissions standards, supported by a comprehensive technology plan and collaboration with customers.