Catalogue Handbook of Noise Control Materials
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Typical panels for use of constrained layer damping treatments are:
• Soles having a damping layer sandwiched between the structural sole panel and a teak finish surface
• Safety glass with a plastic core between sheets of hardened glass
• Metallic deck damping by use of latex concrete finish surface poured over a damper which is adhesively bonded to the deck structure
•Joiner panels of sandwiched damped construction. Damping treatments, when appropriately applied often generate noise reductions in the 3 to 5 dB range. In certain cases greater reduction can be achieved. Technical advice should be sought from a knowledgeable damping material supplier, by new users inexperienced in the use of these materials.
SECTION II
BASIC DISCUSSION OF VIBRATION DAMPING TREATMENTS
Damping materials absorb vibrational energy from resonating panels in a direct analogy to sound absorbing materials interacting with noise in the air. By absorbing energy, damping reduces the structure-borne noise radiated from the panel to which it is applied. Damping also reduces the structureborne noise traversing the treated panel and traveling to more remote parts of the boat (structure). Methods of vibration damping include "extensional" and "constrained layer" treatments.
Extensional damping materials are applied as a single layer direct to the treated panel.
Constrained layer damping materials, are applied sandwiched between the treated panel and an addi­tional cover material, usually of the same material as the treated panel (wood/damper/wood or aluminum/damper/aluminum), but the constraining layer is usually thinner than the treated panel.
Damping materials of either type must be inti­mately bonded to the panels they are intended to damp, so that the vibrational energy of the panel is transmitted to the energy absorbing damping treat­ment.
Selecting the appropriate method of damping for a given surface, is more complicated than the selection of sound absorbing acoustic materials. Following are some guidelines regarding boat surfaces normally found to benefit from the application of damping materials.These gudelines do not hold for all situa­tions and should be reviewed based on the specific application.
SECTION III
MATERIALS
A. Absorption -The two common materials for
acoustic absorbers are open-cell urethane foams and fiberglass. High-quality panels in urethane and fiber­glass are of about the same acoustic effectiveness for the same thickness.
1. Foams - Urethane foam has the advantage of being both tough and flexible, which makes it easier to handle and install than fiberglass. Urethane foams used in boats should be flame retardant, polyether and they should have protection against liquids and vapors, as the materials may age and crumble or become an oil ladened fire hazard if not so protected.
2. Fiberglass - Fiberglass has the advantage of being highly resistant to fire, chemicals, and vapors and it is non-wicking. Fiberglass is gener­ally not resistant to rubbing and other physical abuse and is not strong enough to support mass layers attached by adhesive. Fiberglass materials, therefore, must be installed using mechanical fas­teners and protective coverings such as Perforated Aluminum.
In most applications where Coast Guard inspec tion is required of vessels carrying passengers for hire, fiberglass must be used because of its high resistance to fire.
Panel Size:
Minimum, panel size (small dimension), to benefit from damping:
• 4" for panels up to %" thickness.
• 8" for panels greater than %" thickness. Typical panels beneficially treated with exten­sional damping:
• Engine girder webs
• Hull bottom over propellers
• Spray rails and chines in the wave slap zone
• Bulkheads and decks enclosing the engine room
• Tank-tops adjacent engine room.
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